6th century

571

22th April, 12 Rabi al-Awal Birth of the Holy Prophet.

577
Death of Holy Prophet’s mother (Aminah Bint Wahb).

580
Death of Abdul Muttalib, the grandfather of the Holy Prophet.

583
The Holy Prophet’s journey to Syria in the company of his uncle Abu Talib. His meeting with the monk Bahira, who foretells of his prophet hood.

595
The Holy Prophet marries Hazrat Khadija.

7th century

605

The Holy Prophet arbitrates in a dispute among the Quraish about the placing of the Black STone in the Kaaba.

610
The first revelation in the cave at Mt. Hira. The Holy Prophet is chosen as the Messenger of God.

613
Declaration at Mt. Sara inviting the general public to Islam.

614
Invitation to the Hashimites to accept Islam.

615
Persecution of the Muslims by the Quraish. Some Muslims migrate to Abyssinia (Ethiopia).

617
Social boycott of the Hashimites and the Holy Prophet by the Quraish. The Hashimites are forced to live in a glen outside Mecca.

619
Deaths of Abu Talib and Hazrat Khadija.

620
Journey to Taif and angry reaction of the locals.

Journey to the Heavens.

622
The Holy Prophet and the Muslims migrate to Yathrib (Medina).
Start of Hijri Calendar.
Masjid e Nabwi constructed in Medina.

624
15^th March, 17^th Ramadan, 2 Hijri, The Battle of Badr and Muslim army wins the battle against all the odds.
Direction of the Kiblaa is changed from Jerusalem to the Kaaba (Mecca).

625
2^nd April, 15 Shawaal 3Hijri, Battle of Uhud.

627
March – April, Battle of the Trench (Guzwa Khundaq) in Medina.

628
The Treaty of Hudaibiya was signed.

629
The Holy Prophet performs the pilgrimage at Mecca.
The first Indian mosque, Cheraman Juma Masjid (Kerala – India), is built in 629 A.D by Malik Bin Deenar.
The battle of the Khyber.

630
11^th January, 20th Ramadan, 8 Hijri, Conquest of Mecca.
27^th January, 6^th Shawal, 8 Hijri, Battle of Hunain.

632
7^th March. 9^th Du -Al-Hajj, 10 Hijri, Farewell pilgrimage at Mecca.
8^th June, Death of the Holy Prophet.
Election of Hazrat Abu Bakr as the Caliph.
December, Battle of Yamama against Musailima.

633
Moharam, 12 Hijri. Battle of Kazma, Khalid bin Waleed defeated army of Hormuz.
17^th April, 1^st Safar, 12 Hijri, Battle of Mazar, Khaled bin Waleed defeats Iranian army.
14^th September, 4^th Rajab, 12 Hijri, Fall of Anbar.
4^th October, 24^th Rajab, 12 Hijri, Battle of Domat Al-Jandal.

634
29^th July, 27^th Jamadi Al-Awal, 13 Hijri, battle of Ajnadeen Khalid Bin Waleed defeated Roman army.
23^rd August, 21 Jamadi Al-Akher 13Hijri, death of first caliph Abu Bakar Sadeek.
7^th October, 8^th Shabaan, 13Hijri, Battle of Namaraq.
11^th October, 12^th Shabaan, 13 Hijri, Battle of Sakatia.
22^nd October, 23 Shaban, 13 Hijri, Battle of Jussar, Muslim army was defeated by Iranian army and Muslim commander Abu Abaeda Sukfi was martyred.

635
23^rd January, 28^th Zu al Kada, 13Hijri, battle of Beesan. Muslim army defeated the Romans and took control over whole Jordan.
3^rd September, 15^th Rajab, 14 Hijri, fall of Damascus.

636
6^th May, 26^th Rabi Al-Awal, 15 Hijri, Abu Abeeda took city of Baalbek in Lebanon.
1^st June, 21^st Rabi Al-Sani, 15 Hijri, fall of Hamas (Syria).
12^th August, 5^th Rajab, 15 Hijri, Battle of Yarmouk between Muslims and Byzantines.
20^th – 23^rd September, 13^th – 16^th Shaban, 15 Hijri, battle of Qadsiyia between the Muslims and the Sassanid (Iran). This battle last for four days.

637
May, Rabi Al-Akher, 16 Hijri, Muslims army takes Bait Al-Makdas (Jerusalem).
June, fall of Tikrit (Iraq).
24^th November, 1^st Zu Kada, 16 Hijri, Battle of Jalula between Muslims and Sassanid Empire (Iran).

640
15^th January, 16^th Moharram, 16Hijri,Battle of Nihawand.

641
30^th April, 15^th Jamadi Al-Awal, 20 Hijri, Battle of Ain Shamas between Amro Bin al-As and The Romans.
7^th December, 29^th Zu Al Hajah, 20 Hijri, Muslim army takes Babylon in Egypt.

642
September, Zu Al-Kada, 21 Hijri, Muslim conquered Alexandria in Egypt.

644
First attack on Indian sub-continent, battle with Raja Rasil of Sindh and Baluchistan.
6^th November, Martyrdom of Hazrat Umar.
Hazrat Usman becomes the Caliph.

652
Sicily is attacked by the Muslims.

655
Naval battle of the Masts (Battle of Zat Al-Sawari) against the Byzantines and the Muslim army is victorious.

656
17^th June, 18^th Zu Al-Hajj, 35 Hijri, Martyrdom of Hazrat Usman.
25^th June, 25^th, Zu Al-Hajj, 35 Hijri, Hazrat Ali becomes the Caliph.
7^th November, Battle of the Camel between Hazrat Aisha and Hazrat Ali near Basra (Iraq).

657
21^st May, 1^st Zu Al-Hajj, 36 Hijri, Battle of Siffin between Hazrat Ali and Mawiyah I.
This battle continued till the star of Moharram then it resumed on 19^th July, 1^st Safar, 37 Hijri.

658
Battle of Naharwan between Hazrat Ali and Kharjis.

660
Hazrat Ali  recaptures Hijaz and Yemen from Hazrat Mu’awiyah. Hazrat Mu’awiyah declares himself as the Caliph at Damascus.

661
28^th January, 21^st Ramadan, 40 Hijri, Martyrdom of Hazrat Ali.
Hazrat Mu’awiyah becomes the sole Caliph and moves capital from Mecca to Damascus.

662
Khawarij revolts.
Ziad Ibn Abihi becomes governor of Basra.

669
Muslim army reaches as far as Morocco.

670
Advance in North Africa. Uqba bin Nafi founds the town of Kairouan in Tunisia.
9^th March, 50 Hijri, Death of Imam Hassan.
Construction of Great Mosque Kairouan (Tunisia).

680
27^th April, 22^nd Rajab, 60 Hijri, Death of Hazrat Mu’awiyah and Accession of Yazid.
10^th September, 10 Dul-Hajj, 60 Hijri, Imam Hussain departure from Mecca. Death of Muslim bin Aqeel. (IK)
10^th October, 10^th Moharam, 61 Hijri, Battle of Karbala and martyrdom of Hazrat Hussain.

682
In North Africa Uqba bin Nafi marches to the Atlantic, is ambushed and killed at Biskra. The Muslims evacuate Kairouan and withdraw to Burqa.

683
14^th November, Death of Yazid. Accession of Mu’awiyah II.
26^th August, 26^th Zu Al-Hajj, 63 Hijri, Battle of Al-Harrah and Medina is attacked by Umayyad.
24^th September, 26^th Moharram, 64^th Hijri, Mecca is attacked by Umayyad.

684
Abdullah bin Zubair declares himself as the Caliph at Mecca. Marwan I becomes the Caliph at Damascus.

685
14^th April, 3^rd Ramadan, 65 Hijri, After the death of Marwan I. Abdul Malik becomes the Caliph at Damascus.

687
Battle of Kufa between the forces of Mukhtar and Abdullah bin Zubair and Mukhtar is killed.

692
October, Hajjaj bin Youssef captures Mecca and death of Abdullah bin Zubair (declared himself as Caliph). Abdul Malik becomes the sole Caliph.
Justinian II is defeated by the Arabs at Sebastopolis (Turkey). Justinian was a Byzantine emperor who had invaded Arab territory for Christianity.

8th Century

705
Shawal, 86 Hijri, Death of Abdul Malik bin Marwan.  Accession of Walid I as Caliph.

706
Construction started on Umayyad Mosque in Damascus.

711
April, Tarif bin Malik crosses the straits and reaches Spain in order to get more information about the country.
19^th July, 28^th Ramadan, 92 Hijri, Conquests of Spain by Tariq Bin Ziad.
Muhammad bin Qasim conquers parts of Sindh and Punjab (Pakistan).

712
June, Ramadan, 93 Hijri, arrival of Musa Bin Nuseer in Spain.

713
July, Conquest of Merida in Spain.

714
95^th Hijri, Death of Hajjaj bin Youssef.

715
25^th February, 15^th Jamadi Al-Sani, 96 Hijri, Death of Walid I, Accession of Suleiman.
Construction of Umayyad Mosque in Damascus is completed.

717
Safar, 99 Hijri, Death of Suleiman. Accession of Umar bin Abdul Aziz.
15 August, second siege of Constantinople.

718
August, Muslim army abandons siege of Constantinople.

719
Narbonne (France) is conquered by Islamic forces.

720
10^th February, Death of Umar bin Abdul Aziz. Accession of Yazid II.
Death of Tariq bin Ziyad.

721
9^th June, Battle of Toulouse in France. Muslim advance in France was halted.

724
27^th January, Shabaan, 105 Hijri, Death of Yazid II. Accession of Hisham Ibn Abd Al-Malik.

728
Hassan Al-Basri known as Imam Basri dies.

732
10^th October, the battle of Tours/Poitiers in France.

737
The Muslims’ meet reverse at Avignon in France.

740
Shia revolt under Zaid bin Ali. Berber revolt in North Africa. Battle of the Nobles.

742
The Muslim rule restored in Kairouan.

743
6^th February, 6^th Rabi Al-Sani, 125 Hijri, Death of Hisham bin Abd Al-Malik. Accession of Walid II.

744
17^th April, 28^th Jamadi Al -Sani, 126 Hijri, Deposition of Walid I1.Accession of Yazid III.
3^rd October, 20^th Zu Al-Hajj, 126 Hijri, Death of Yazid III. (IK)

745
Kufa and Mosul are occupied by the Khawarjites.

746
Battle of Rupar Thutha, Kufa and Mosul occupied by Marwan II.

747
Revolt of Abu Muslim in Khurasan.

749
October, Capture of Kufa by the Abbasids. As Saffah becomes the Abbasid Caliph at Kufa.
30^th October, 12^th Rabi Al-Awal, 132 Hijri, Abdullah Al-Saffah becomes first Abbasid Caliph.

750
25^th January, 11 Jamadi Al-Sani, 132 Hijri, Battle of Zeb and Marwan II is defeated  this brings an end to the Umayyads.

751
27^th July, 28th Zu Al-Hajj, 133 Hijri, Khalifa Marwan II dies.
Conquest of Wasit by the Abbasid. Murder of the Minister Abu Salama.
The Battle of Talas (Battle of Artlakh) between Islamic Army and Tang Dynasty. Muslim army wins over the Chinese.

754
10^thJune, 13^th Zu Al-Hajj 136 Hijri, Death of As Saffah. Accession of Mansur as the Caliph.

755
Revolt of Abdullah bin Ali.
13^th February, 25^th Shabaan, 135 Hijri, Murder of Abu Muslim Khorasani.

756
Abdul Rehman Al-Dakhal founds the Umayyad state in Spain.

762
Shia revolt under Muhammad (Nafs uz Zakia) and Ibrahim.

763
141 Hijri, Foundation of Baghdad by Abu Jaffar and it was completed in 149 Hijri.

775
7^th October, 6 Zu Al-Hajj, 158 Hijri, Death or the Abbasid Caliph Al-Mansur on his way to Pilgrimage to Mecca, Accession of Mahdi.

779
Death of Khael Bermuki bin Abdullah bin Muslim (brother of Kateeba). First Bermuki to hold a high position during Abbasid period.

784
Construction of Great Mosque of Cordoba (Spain).

785
4^th August, 22^nd Moharram 169 Hijri, Death of the Caliph Mahdi. Accession of Hadi.

786
13^th September, 14th Rabi Al-Awal, 170 Hijri, Death of Hadi. Accession of Harun Ur Rashid.

788
Idrisid state set up in the Maghreb (Morocco).
Death of Abdul Rehman I of Spain, and accession of Hisham.

796
Death of Hisham in Spain at the age of forty, accession of al Hakam.

9th century

800

The Aghlabid rule is established in North Africa

803
Famous vizier Jafar Barmki is killed.

805
Campaigns against the Byzantines. Capture of the islands of Rhodes and Cypress.
28^th November, 3^rd Moharram, 190 Hijri, Death of Yahyah Bermuki.

808
Moharram, 193 Hijri, Death of Fazal bin Yayah Bermuki.

809
24^th March, 3 Jamadi Al-Sani 193 Hijri, Death of Harun Ur Rashid, accession of Amin.

813
25^th September, 25^th Moharram, 198 Hijri, Civil war between Amin and Mamun. Amin is captured. (IK)
Mamun becomes the Caliph.

815
Shia revolt under Ibn Tuba Tabs.

818
The Umayyads of Spain capture the islands of Izira, Majorca, and Sardinia.

819
Mamun comes to Baghdad.

820
Tahir establishes the rule of the Tahirids in Khurasan.

822
Death of Al-Hakam I in Spain, accession of Abdul Rahman II.

823
Death of Tahir in Khurasan.

831
11^th September, Muslim conquered Palermo (Sicily – Italy).

833
6^th July, 13^th Jamadi Al-Sani 218 Hijri, Death of Mamun. Accession of Mutasim.

838
Muslims sack city of Marseille (France).

836
Mutasim shifts the capital to Samarra.

838
Revolt of Babek in Azerbaijan suppressed.

839
Revolt of Maziar in Tabaristan. The Muslims occupy South Italy. Capture of the city of Messina in Sicily.

842
2^nd January, 15^th Rabi Al-Awal 227 Hijri, Death of Mutasim, accession of Wasiq.

846
Muslim attack and sack churches of Saint Peter and Saint Paul in Rome.

847
10^th August, 24^th Zu Al-Hajj, 232 Hijri, Death of Wasiq, accession of Mutawakkil.

848
Construction starts on Great Mosque of Samara (Iraq).

849
Death of the Tahirid ruler Abdullah bin Tahir, accession of Tahir II.

851
Construction of Great Mosque of Samara (Iraq) is complete.

852
Death of Abdur Rehman II of Spain, accession of Muhammad I.

858
Mutawakkil founds the town of Jafariya.

861
21^st December, 14^th Shawal, 247 Hijri, Murder of the Abbasid Caliph Mutawakkil, accession of Muntasir.

862
9^th May, 5^th Rabi Al-Awal, 248 Hijri, Muntasir poisoned to death, accession of Mutasin.

864
Zaidi state established in Tabaristan by Hassan bin Zaid.

866
28^th January, 6^th Moharram, 252 Hijri, Mutasim flies from Samarra, his deposition and accession of Mutaaz.

867
Yaqub bin Layth founds the Saffarid rule in Sistan.

868
Ahmad bin Tulun founds the Tulunid rule in Egypt.

869
1^st August, 18 Shabaan, 255 Hijri, The Abbasid Caliph Mutaaz forced to abdicate, his death and accession of Muhtadi.

870
18^th June, 14^th Rajab, 256 Hijri, Muhtadi’s his death and accession of Mutamid.

Malta is conquered by the Arabs.

874
Zanj revolt in South Iraq. Death of the Samanid ruler Ahmad, accession of Nasr.

877
Death of Yaqub bin Layth in Sistan, accession of Amr bin Layth.

885
Death of Ahmad bin Tulun in Egypt, accession of Khamar- wiyiah.

886
Death of Muhammad I ( Spain), accession of Munzir.

888
Death of Munzir the Umayyad ruler of Spain, accession of Abdullah.

891
The Qarmatian state established at Bahrain.

892
16^th October, 20^th Rajab, 279 Hijri, Death of Mutamad.

896
Death of the Tulunid ruler Khamarwiyiah; accession of Abul Asakir Jaish.

899
July, Rajab, 286 Hijri, Death of Mutaadi.

10th century

902

5th April, Death of the Abbasid Caliph Mutadid.

903
Assassination of the Qarmatian ruler Abu Said, accession of Abu Tahir.

905
Abdullah bin Hamdan founds the Hamdanid rule in Mosul and Jazirah.

End of the Tulunid rule in Egypt.

908
End of the Saffarid rule, annexation of their territories by the Samanids.
February, Jamadi Al-Awal, 295 Hijri, Death of the Abbasid Caliph Muktafi, accession of Muqtadir. (IK)

909
Ubaidullah overthrows the Aghlablds and founds the Fatimid rule in North Africa.

912
Death of the Umayyad Amir Abdullah in Spain, accession of Abdur Rahman III.

913
Assassination of the Samanid ruler Ahmad II, accession of Nasr II.

922
26^th March, Execution of Mansur Hallaj in Baghdad.

928
Mardawij bin Ziyar founds the Ziyarid rule in Tabaristan.

929
Qarmatians sack Mecca and carry away the Black Stone from the Holy Kaaba. In Spain, Abd al-Rehman III declares himself as the Caliph.

931
Deposition and restoration of the Abbasid Caliph Muqtadir. Death of the Qarmatian ruler Abu Tahir; accession of Abu Mansur.

932
February, Safar, 320 Hijri, Death of the Abbasid Caliph Muqtadir; accession of Al Qahir.

934
April, Jamadi Al-Awal 322 Hijri, Deposition of the Abbasid Caliph AI Qahir; accession of Ar Radi. (IK)
Death of the Fatimid Caliph Ubaidullah, accession of Al Qaim.

935
Assassination of the Ziyarid ruler Mardawij; accession of Washimgir. Death of Hamdanid ruler Abdullah bin Hamdan accession of Nasir ud Daula.

938
Bajkam captures Baghdad.

940
Death of the Abbasid Caliph Ar Radi, accession of Muttaqi.

941
Assassination of Bajkam, capture of power by Kurtakin.

943
The Abbasid Caliph Muttaqi is forced to seek refuge with the Hamdanids. Sail ud Daula captures power at Baghdad and the Caliph returns to Baghdad.

944
Moharram, Muttaqi is blinded and deposed, accession of Mustakafi.

945
Death of Tuzun. Shirzad becomes Emir Ul Umra. The Buwayhids capture power. Deposition of the Abbasid Caliph Mustakafi.

946
Death of the Fatimid Caliph Al Qaim. Accession of Mansur.
Jamadi Al-Sani, 334 Hijri, Death of Mustakafi and Muti becomes the Caliph.

951
The Qarnaatiana restore the Black Stone to the Holy Kaaba.

953
Ramadan, 341 Hijri, Death of Mansur (Egypt).

954
Death of the Sassanid ruler Nuh, accession of Abdul Malik.

961
Death of the Samanid ruler Abdul Malik, accession of Manauf.
Alptgin founds the rule of the Ghazanavids.
Death of the Umayyad Caliph Abdul Rehman III in Spain; accession of Hakam.

965
Death of the Qarmatian ruler Abu Mansur; accession of Hassan Azam. Assassination of the Ikhshid ruler Abul Hassan Ali; power captured by Malik Kafur.

967
Death of the Buwayhid Sultan Muiz ud Daula, accession of Bakhtiar. Death of the Hamdanid ruler Sail ud Daula.

968
Byzantines occupy Aleppo.

969
The Fatimids conquer Egypt from Ikshidids and assumes the title of caliphate in Egypt until 1171.
Cairo becomes capital.

971
2^nd October/2^nd November, Mahumd Ghaznavi is born.

972
Buluggin bin Ziri founds the rule of the Zirids Algeria.
Jama al Azhar of Cairo is built.

973
Shia Sunni disturbances in Baghdad; power captured in Baghdad by the Turkish General Subuktgin.

974
Zu Al-Kada, 363 Hijri, Abdication of the Abbasid Caliph AI Muttih; accession of At Taii.

975
Death of the Turk General Subuktgin.
Death of the Fatimid Caliph Al Muizz.

976
The Buwayhid Sultan Izz ud Daula recaptures power with the help of his cousin Azud ud Daula. Death of the Samanid ruler Mansur,
accession of Nuh II.
In Spain death of the Umayyad Caliph Hakam, accession of Hisham II.

978
Death of the Buwayhid Sultan Izz ud Daula, power captured by Azud ud Daula. The Hamdanids overthrown by the Buwayhids.

979
Subuktgin becomes the Emir of Ghazni.

981
End of the Qarmatian rule at Bahrain.

982
Death of the- Buwayhid Sultan Azud ud Daula; accession of Samsara ud Daula.

984
Death of the Zirid ruler Buluggin, accession of Mansur.

985
Al-Mansur Ibn Abi Aamir sacks Barcelona.

986
The Buwyhid Sultan Samsara ud Daula overthrown by Sharaf ud Daula.

989
Death of the Buwayhid Sultan Sharaf ud Daula, accession of Baha ud Daula.

991
Deposition of the Abbasid Caliph at Taii, accession of AI Qadir.

996
Death of the Zirid ruler Mansur, accession of Nasir ud Daula Badis.

997
Death of the Samanid ruler Nuh II, accession of Mansur II.
11^th August, Muslim forces under Almanzor arrive at the city of Compostela and sack the city.

998
Death of the Samanid ruler Mansur II, accession of Abdul Malik II.
Mahmud becomes the Emir of Ghazni.

999
End of the Samanids.