Belem Tower (Torre de Belem) is situated on the northern bank of the River Tagus in Lisbon. The reason to build this tower at the mouth of the river was to protect the entry to Lisbon port. Originally, the tower was built on a small island inside the River Tagus but after the 1755 Lisbon Earthquake, the river changed its course and now tower sits on its shore.
History
It’s construction lasted between 1514 – 1520, during the reign of Manuel I. During the construction of this tower, a heavily armed man-of-war ship guarded the site. It has two main parts, the medieval keep tower and a modern bulwark which contains two artillery levels. In 1580, Duke of Alba brought his Spanish forces and took this tower. After this defeat, the dungeons of the tower served as a prison until 1830. From 1580 onward a number of structures were added to the terrace with the aim of increasing its garrison capacity. A gangway is connected to the drawbridge which is a sole entrance of the tower. The structure is built with the beige-white limestone and a royal coat of arms and flanked by small columns can be seen at the entrance.
Bulwark
Inside the bulwark, artillery is placed at 17 cannon holes. On the ground floor bunker, the floor is inclined towards the outside to allow water to go out if it enters the tower. Also, a small gift shop is located inside the bulwark of the tower, where cannons are placed. In the past, there were two batteries in place, lower and the upper. At the very bottom, a dungeon was used to store for the magazine and the prison cells. The main façade of the fortress faces the river but this window offers a view of the area.
The decoration of the exterior is very unique but area next to the tower is also rich in beauty. When walking on the shores of the River Tagus, one can see this tower from anywhere in the area. On the southern side of the parapet stands an image of Our Lady of Safe Homecoming, also known as the “Virgin of the Grapes”. At the northeast and northwest corners of the Governor’s Chamber, a small tunnel leads to the bartizans. Inside the tower only 120 people can visit at one time in order to avoid overcrowding.
Panoramic Views
The King’s Room is situated next to a balcony on the tower’s southern façade. At the top of the keep of the Belem Tower, one can enjoy the surrounding areas. One of them is a beautiful road of Avenida da Torre de Belém, Champalimaud Foundation For Av.do Rallies, Padrao dos Descobrimentos, the 25 de Abril Bridge and the Christ the King statue to name few. In 1983, this site was listed as the UNSECO World Heritage.