al-Gawhara Palace is situated to the south of the Mosque of Muhammad Ali in the Cairo Citadel. This palace is also known as Bijou Palace and al-Johra Palace in Arabic meaning “the Jewel Palace”. This palace was built by Muhammad Ali Pasha in 1814.
Artisans from Greece, Turkey, Bulgaria and Albania were involved in the construction of this palace. This palace complex included barracks, schools, an arsenal, a gun-powder factory and even a mint.
A fire broke out inside the palace in 1822 and it lasted for two days, another fire broke out in 1824 and it caused further damage. The Gawhara Palace has also functioned as a museum hosting the valuable belongings of the last royal family of Egypt.
It was also the seat of the power of Mohamed Ali and it was where he held his official meetings and ceremonies. This palace is also the site of the Massacre of the Citadel. Mohammad Ali invited Mamluks in this palace for a feast and then killed them when they were about to leave the palace. Killing of the Mamluks brought to end to their rule which had lasted for few centuries.